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歌手名：新概念第四册
歌曲名：31
专辑名：hgjjhjj
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Lesson 31 The sculptor speaks
First listen and then answer the following question.
What do you have to be able to do to appreciate sculpture?
Appreciation of sculpture depen-ds upon the ability
to respond to form in three dimensions.
That is perhaps why sculpture has been described
as the most diff-icult of all arts;
certainly it is more difficult than the arts
which involve appreciation of flat forms,
shape in only two dimensions.
Many more people are ＇form-blind＇than colour-blind.
The child learn-ing to see,
first distingui-shes only two-dimensional shape;
it cannot judge distances,depths.
Later, for its personal safety and practical needs,
it has to deve-lop (partly by means of touch)
the ability to judge rough-ly three-dimen-sonal distances.
But having sati-sfied the requi-rements of prac-tical necessity,
most people go no further.
Though they may attain consider-able accuracy
in the percep-tion of flat form,
they do mot make the further intellectual
and emotional effort needed to comprehend form
in its full spatial existen-ce.
This is what the sculptor must do.
He must strive continually to think of, and use,
form in its full spatial completeness.
He gets the so-lid shape, as it were, inside his head-
he thinks of it,whatever its size,
as if he were holding it completely enclosed
in the hollow of his hand.
He mentally visualizes a complex form
from all round itself; he knows while the looks at one side
what the other side is like;
he identifies himself with its center of gravity,
its mass, its weight; he realizes its volume,
as the space that the shape displaces in the air.
And the sensi-tive observer of sculpture
must also learn to feel shape simply as shape,
not as descrip-tion or reminis-cence.
He must, for example, percei-ve an egg
as a simple single solid shape,
quite apart from its significance as food,
or from the lit-erary idea that it will become a bird.
And so with sol-ids such as a shell,
a nut, a plum, a pear, a tadpole,a mushroom, a mountain peak,
a kidney, a carrot, a tree-trunk, a bird, a bud, a lark,
a ladybird, a bulrush, a bone.
From these he can go on to appreciate
more complex fo-rms or combinat-ions of several forms.