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歌手名：新概念第三册
歌曲名：38
专辑名：新概念第三册
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Book III
Lesson 38
The first calendar
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Future historians will be in a unique position
when they come to record the history of our own times.
They will hardly know which facts to select
from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates.
What is more they will not have to rely solely on the written word.
Films, gramophone records,
and magnetic tapes will provide them
with a bewildering amount of information.
They will be able, as it were,
to see and hear us in action.
But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past
is always faced with a difficult task.
He has to deduce
what he can from the few scanty clues available.
Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light
on the history of early man.
Up to now,
historians have assumed
that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture,
for then man was faced with a real need to understand something
about the seasons.
Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate
that this assumption is incorrect.
Historians have long been puzzled by dots,
lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls,
bones, and the ivory tusk of mammoths.
The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting
and fishing during the last Ice Age,
which began about 35,000 B.C.
and ended about 10,000 B.C.
By correlating markings made in various parts of the world,
historians have been able to read this difficult code.
They have found that it is connected
with the passage of days and the phases of the moon.
It is, in fact, a, primitive type of calendar.
It has long been known
that the hunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a
form of artistic expression.
They had a definite meaning,
for they were as near as early man could get to writing.
It is possible
that there is a definite relation between
these paintings and the markings
that sometimes accompany them.
It seems that man was making a real effort
to understand the seasons 20,000 years earlier
than has been supposed.