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歌手名：新概念第四册
歌曲名：15
专辑名：hgjjhjj
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Lesson 15 Secrecy in industry
First listen and then answer the following question.
Why is secrecy particularly important
in the chemical industries?
Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness
of scientific re-se-arch in industry.
One is the gen-eral atmosphere of secrecy in which
it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom
of the individ-ual research worker.
In so far as any inquiry is a secret one,
it naturally li-mits all those engaged in carrying it out
from effective contact with th-eir fellow scie-ntists
either in other countries or in universities,
or even, often enough,in other departments of the same firm.
The degree of secrecy natura-lly varies considerably.
Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches
which are of su-ch general and fundamental nature
that it is a po-sitive advantageto them not to keep them secret.
Yet a great many processes depen-ding on such research
are sought for with complete secrecy
until the stage at which patents can be taken out.
Even more proc-esses are never patented at all
but kept as se-cret processes.
This applies particularly to chemical industries,
where chance discoveries play a much larger part
than they do in physical and me-chanical indus-tries.
Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent
that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned.
Many firms,for instance, have great difficulty
in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries
because they are unwilling to have their names entered
as having tak-en out such and such a book,
for fear the agents of other firms
should be able to trace the kind of research
they are likely to be undertak-ing.