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歌手名：新概念第四册
歌曲名：25
专辑名：hgjjhjj
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Lesson 25 Non-auditory effects of noise
First listen and then answer the following question.
What conclusion does the author draw about noise
and health in this piece?
Many people in industry and the Services,
who have pract-ical experience of noise,
regard any investigation of this question
as a waste of time;
they are not prepared even to admit the possibility
that noise affe-cts people. On the other hand,
those who dislike noise will sometimes use
most inadequ-ate evidence to support their pleas
for a quieter society. This is a pity,
because noise abatement really is a good cause,
and it is like-ly to be discr-edited
if it gets to be associated with bad science.
One allegation often made is that noise
produces men-tal illness.
A recent article in a weekly newspaper,for instance,
was headed with a striking ill-ustration of a lady
in a state of considerable distress,
with the caption ＇She was yet another victim,
reduced to a sc-reaming wreck＇.
On turning eag-erly to the text,
one learns that the lady was a typist
who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more
and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital.
Now the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course
that one cannot distinguish cause and effect.
Was the noise a cause of the illness,
or were the com-plaints about noise merely a symptom?
Another patient might equally well complain
that her neigh-bours were comb-ining to slander her
and persecute her, and yet one might be cautious
about believing this statement.
What is needed in the case of noise is a study
of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions,
to discover whe-ther they are mentally
ill more often than other peop-le are.
Some time ago the United Sta-tes Navy,for instance,
examined a very large number of men
working on airc-raft carriers: the study was known
as Project Anehin. It can be unpleasant to live
even several miles from an aerodrome;
if you think wh-at it must be like to share the deck of a
ship with seve-ral squadrons of jet aircraft,
you will realize that a modern navy
is a good place to study noise.
But neither psychiatric interviews
nor objective tests were able to show
any effects upon these American sailors.
This result me-rely confirms
earlier American and British stu-dies:
if there is any effect of noise upon mental health,
it must be so small that present methods
of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it .
That does not prove that it does not exist;
but it does mean that noise is less dangerous than, say,
being brought up in an orphanage-
which really is a mental health hazard.